Thanks for providing screenshots and logs.
The error Unexpected token ? is most probably related to an outdated WebView. I can reproduce this error using several years old browser versions.
Since Chrome is up to date on your device, could you check if you can install or update this app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.webview
If this doesn’t help, the only other option I see is to contact the manufacturer and ask them about the issue.